What should be done regarding hepatitis B vaccination in a newborn if the mother is positive for HBsAg?

When a newborn is born to a mother who is positive for HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface Antigen), immediate protective measures are crucial to prevent the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Administering the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth is the recommended protocol for infants in this situation.

The hepatitis B vaccine works by prompting the infant's immune system to mount a response against the virus. Meanwhile, HBIG provides immediate passive immunity by supplying specific antibodies that can neutralize the virus if present in the newborn. This dual approach helps to ensure both immediate and long-term protection, significantly reducing the risk of the infant developing chronic hepatitis B infection.

The timing of this intervention is critical; it must happen within the first 12 hours of life to maximize effectiveness. Following this initial vaccination, the baby can receive further doses of the vaccine at appropriate intervals to ensure complete immunization.

While other options may involve follow-up or testing, they do not provide the immediate protective measures that are essential for newborns at risk of hepatitis B transmission. Thus, administering both the hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG promptly is the best practice in this scenario.