Which condition is marked by painless vaginal bleeding occurring in the second or third trimester?

The condition characterized by painless vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester is placenta previa. This occurs when the placenta is partially or completely covering the cervix, leading to bleeding as the pregnancy progresses and the cervix begins to prepare for labor. The bleeding can be alarming for the expectant mother but is typically painless.

In many cases of placenta previa, the bleeding episodes may occur without warning and can vary in intensity. Management often involves careful monitoring and sometimes bed rest or limited activity, especially if the bleeding is significant or if the placenta is located directly over the cervical opening. In some situations, a cesarean delivery may be necessary to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Conditions like pyelonephritis, ectopic pregnancy, and abruptio placentae typically present with different symptoms or circumstances. For example, pyelonephritis would involve symptoms such as flank pain and fever, whereas ectopic pregnancy usually presents with abdominal pain and possibly bleeding, often accompanied by pain. Abruptio placentae is associated with painful bleeding and can pose significant risks, including fetal distress, typically manifesting with abdominal pain and uterine tenderness.