Which condition presents with white, yellow, or green vaginal discharge and may cause fever and dysuria when symptomatic?

The condition that commonly presents with white, yellow, or green vaginal discharge, along with symptoms such as fever and dysuria, is gonorrhea. This sexually transmitted infection is caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium and often manifests with a variety of symptoms, including a purulent discharge that can be yellow or green in color, as well as potential complications like fever and painful urination.

Gonorrhea can affect both men and women, and in women, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated. The presence of yellow or green discharge along with systemic symptoms like fever is a characteristic of this infection, highlighting its acute nature and the body's inflammatory response.

In contrast, candidiasis typically leads to a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge but does not usually cause fever. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with a thin, grayish discharge and a fishy odor; it usually lacks fever as a symptom. Trichomoniasis can cause yellow-green frothy discharge and discomfort but is not typically associated with fever. Thus, gonorrhea aligns with the specific symptoms described, making it the correct choice.