Which term describes an infected, inflamed lymph node often filled with pus?

The term that describes an infected, inflamed lymph node often filled with pus is "Bubo." This term is commonly used in a clinical context, particularly regarding infections like the bubonic plague, where lymph nodes become swollen and painful due to infection.

Buboes are characterized by their location specifically in the lymphatic system, and they indicate an ongoing infectious process. The inflammation is a result of the body's immune response to a pathogen, which can lead to the accumulation of pus as white blood cells and dead tissue collect at the site of infection.

An abscess, while related, refers more generally to a localized collection of pus anywhere in the body and is not limited to lymph nodes. A granuloma is a structure formed in response to chronic inflammation, often associated with infections like tuberculosis, and indicates a different, less acute process. A cyst, on the other hand, is a closed sac-like structure filled with fluid or semi-solid material, which does not imply infection or inflammation in the same way buboes do. Thus, the specificity of the term "Bubo" makes it the most accurate choice for describing an infected, inflamed lymph node filled with pus.